Each Cabinet member is the head of an executive department of the government. Usually, they meet together once a week or every other week. This room faces the Rose Garden and is a beautiful room furnished with draperies, chandeliers, and leather chairs. President George Washington developed the Cabinet system by asking the heads of the existing three executive departments and the Attorney General to meet with him on a regular basis to discuss issues of importance and to report on their department's work.
The formation of departments is mentioned in Article 2 Section 2 of our Constitution "he may require the opinion in writing of the principal officer in each of the executive departments upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices At this time, we now have 15 executive departments. Breadcrumb Harry S. Constitution does not explicitly reference federal agencies. Instead, these agencies are generally justified by acts of Congress designed to manage delineated government functions, such as the maintenance of infrastructure and regulation of commerce.
Once created, agencies are considered part of the executive branch of government and are partly regulated by government parties. However, executive agencies have to remain nonpartisan. Use the work of the FDA as an example to describe the activity and mission of regulatory agencies more broadly.
A regulatory agency is a body in the U. An independent regulatory agency is separate from the other branches of the federal government. These agencies are within the purview of the executive branch of government, but are internally regulated rather than subject to the direct control of the President. Regulatory agencies exist to supervise the administrative functions of organizations for the benefit of the public at large.
To carry out this function, regulatory agencies are composed of experts in a specific policy area of administrative law, such as tax or health codes. Agencies may carry out investigations or audits to determine if organizations are adhering to federal regulations. To better understand how independent regulatory agencies function, let us consider the U.
When a pharmaceutical company produces a new drug, the manufacturers must submit it to the FDA for approval. The FDA employs experts in pharmaceuticals and drug safety, who evaluate the potential benefits and consequences of the drug.
Following reports on the safety of the drug, the FDA determines whether it can be distributed, to whom it can be distributed, and under what conditions it can be safely consumed.
The FDA thus uses internal expertise to regulate the pharmaceutical industry. Regulatory agencies are authorized to produce and enforce regulations by Congress, and are subject to Congressional and legal review as they carry out their functions. Congress may determine that regulatory agencies are obsolete, for example, and may therefore discontinue funding them.
Similarly, Congress may choose to expand the authority of a regulatory agency in response to a perceived threat to public safety. Additionally, regulatory agencies are designed to be transparent, such that their decisions and activities are able to be evaluated by the public and by legal review boards.
Government corporations are revenue generating enterprises that are legally distinct from but operated by the federal government. Differentiate between a government-owned corporation, a government-sponsored enterprise, and organizations chartered by the government that provide public services. A government-owned corporation, also known as a state -owned company, state enterprise, publicly owned corporation, or commercial government agency, is a legal entity created by a government to undertake commercial activities on behalf of the government.
In some cases, government-owned corporations are considered part of the government, and are directly controlled by it. In other instances, government-owned corporations are similar to private enterprises except that the government is the majority stockholder. Government-owned agencies sometimes have public policy functions, but unlike other executive agencies, are primarily intended to bring in revenue. In the United States, there is a specific subset of government-owned corporations known as government-sponsored enterprises GSEs.
GSEs are financial services corporations created by Congress to increase the availability of low cost credit to particular borrowing sectors. Currently, the largest segment of GSEs operates in the mortgage borrowing segment.
Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks operate as independent corporations and provide loans for mortgages and real estate development. However, the government possesses sufficient stock to claim In addition to the financial sector GSEs, the U.
These chartered corporations sometimes receive money from the federal government, but are largely responsible for generating their own revenue. Lastly, the government sometimes controls government acquired corporations—corporations that were not chartered or created by the government, but which it comes to possess and operate. These corporations are usually controlled by the government only temporarily, often as the result of government seizure due to unpaid debts.
Government acquired corporations are generally sold at auction or returned to the original controller once debts are repaid. These agencies are in the Commerce Department because of the profound effect that weather has on the movement of goods and services around the United States. NOAA maintains the most up-to-date, accurate, and comprehensive data on weather in the US, which is unmatched by any non-government entity.
The Commerce Department also includes the Bureau of the Census and the US Patent and Trademark Office that tracks inventions and other innovations in United States industries, universities, and research laboratories, as well as creative contributions often related to the marketing of products and services.
The Department of Defence is the largest cabinet department. The DoD is housed at the famous building in Arlington, Virginia, known as the Pentagon, for its recognizable, five-sided shape. This is a transcript from the video series Understanding the US Government. Watch it now, Wondrium. The Department of Education oversees federal policy related to public education and federal loans and grants for education.
Rarely does the federal government get involved with matters of curriculum or school organization. Like the Department of Education, many aspects of housing policy in the US are administered at state and local levels of government. The Department of Energy oversees US policy related to energy, including sources of energy, pricing, security and safety regulation of utilities, and so forth.
Learn more about selective incorporation. The HHS includes the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health, both of which perform critical research functions for various diseases and illnesses.
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