Sounds toxic, yes? It appears on this list for only one reason: It is used to extract gold from ore. The Nikola Tesla induction motor. The Linotype machine. The Linotype machine enabled publishers—largely newspapers—to compose text and print it much faster and cheaper.
It was an advance as large as the invention of the printing press itself was over the painstaking handwritten scrolls before it. The electric welding process of Elihu Thomson. In the era of mass production, the electric welding process enabled faster production and construction of better, more intricate machines for that manufacturing process. The electric welder invented by Elihu Thomson enabled the cheaper production of intricate welded machinery.
The turbine invented by Charles Parsons powered ships. Assembled in numbers, they provided an efficient means of driving electrical generators and producing that most useful commodity. The second-prize essay, by George M. Dowe, also of Washington, D. He divided his inventions into those aiding three broad sectors: production, transportation and communication. Electrical fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. As natural fertilizer sources were depleted during the 19th century, artificial fertilizers enabled the further expansion of agriculture.
Preservation of sugar-producing plants. George W. McMullen of Chicago is credited with the discovery of a method for drying sugar cane and sugar beets for transport. But I digress. High-speed steel alloys. As a founding father, Benjamin Franklin was one of the people who invented America! His legacy includes the lightning conductor, bifocal lenses, and, according to some, the first experiments in nanoscience.
These two tie for 6 th place in our list because they both made discoveries that are still saving millions of lives today. Frenchman Louis Pasteur was the first microbiologist. He invented the principles of vaccination and pasteurisation, which turned out to be hugely important for human health. Across the English Channel, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin a few decades later, so he's the one that made antibiotics possible.
They go together because they were both pioneers of modern medicine and the first scientists to declare all-out war on viruses and bacteria! We all know about Pegasus and Icarus in ancient Greece. Ader's contraption was the first piloted aircraft to take off under its own steam literally and make a brief uncontrolled hop across a field near Paris. No, he didn't invent the world's coolest electric car. But Nikola Tesla was arguably the greatest geek who ever lived, always fixing things that weren't broken and coming up with amazing inventions in the process.
The invention quickly took off, and revolutionized global business and communication. When Bell died on Aug. When all you have is natural light, productivity is limited to daylight hours. Light bulbs changed the world by allowing us to be active at night. According to historians, two dozen people were instrumental in inventing incandescent lamps throughout the s; Thomas Edison is credited as the primary inventor because he created a completely functional lighting system, including a generator and wiring as well as a carbon-filament bulb like the one above, in As well as initiating the introduction of electricity in homes throughout the Western world, this invention also had a rather unexpected consequence of changing people's sleep patterns.
Instead of going to bed at nightfall having nothing else to do and sleeping in segments throughout the night separated by periods of wakefulness, we now stay up except for the 7 to 8 hours allotted for sleep, and, ideally, we sleep all in one go.
It's one of the most famous discovery stories in history. In , the Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming noticed a bacteria-filled Petri dish in his laboratory with its lid accidentally ajar. The sample had become contaminated with a mold, and everywhere the mold was, the bacteria was dead. That antibiotic mold turned out to be the fungus Penicillium, and over the next two decades, chemists purified it and developed the drug Penicillin, which fights a huge number of bacterial infections in humans without harming the humans themselves.
Penicillin was being mass produced and advertised by This poster attached to a curbside mailbox advised World War II servicemen to take the drug to rid themselves of venereal disease. About 1 in 10 people have an allergic reaction to the antibiotic , according to study published in in the journal Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology; even so most of those people go on to be able to tolerate the drug, researchers said.
Not only have birth control pills, condoms and other forms of contraception sparked a sexual revolution in the developed world by allowing men and women to have sex for leisure rather than procreation, they have also drastically reduced the average number of offspring per woman in countries where they are used.
With fewer mouths to feed, modern families have achieved higher standards of living and can provide better for each child. Steve Jobs was best remembered as the charismatic co-founder of Apple Inc. Working with co-founder Steve Wozniak, Jobs introduced the Apple II, a popular mass-market personal computer that helped usher in a new era of personal computing. After being forced out of the company that he founded, Jobs returned in and assembled the team of designers, programmers, and engineers responsible for the groundbreaking iPhone, iPad, and many other innovations.
Tim Berners-Lee is an English engineer and computer scientist who is often credited with inventing the World Wide Web , a network that most people use to access the internet. He first described a proposal for such a system in , but it wasn't until August that the first website was published and online. The World Wide Web that Berners-Lee developed was comprised of the first web browser, server, and hypertexting. Sir James Dyson is a British inventor and industrial designer who revolutionized vacuum cleaning with the invention of the Dual Cyclone, the first bagless vacuum cleaner.
He later founded the Dyson company to develop improved and technologically advanced household appliances. So far, his company has debuted a bladeless fan, a hairdryer, a robotic vacuum cleaner, and many other products.
He also established the James Dyson Foundation to support young people to pursue careers in technology. The James Dyson Award is given to students who come up with promising new designs. Hedy Lamarr is often recognized as an early Hollywood starlet, with film credits such as "Algiers" and "Boom Town.
During World War II, she invented a radio-guidance system for torpedoes. The frequency-hopping technology has been used to develop Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. It's no coincidence that some of the most famous inventors come from all walks of life. Henry Ford was a savvy business entrepreneur. James Naismith, the inventor of basketball, was a physical education teacher. But what they all had in common was an idea and a vision to deliver what they felt would make the world a better place.
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